2018浙江专升本英语真题及答案解析
选择题部分
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension
Section A Passage Reading
Format Ⅰ
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on The Answer Sheet.
A U.N. report says water is in demand around the world as temperatures on Earth's surface rise and demand grows along with populations. The report was released this week at the World Water Forum in Brasilia. The conference has been described as the World's largest water-related event.
Federal District Governor Rodrigo Rollemberg spoke at a panel discussion on Tuesday at the forum. He described water shortages as a worldwide problem. The public water supply has less water because of low rainfall as well as fast and disorderly growth in Brasilia, which is part of the Federal District, Rollemberg said. In January 2016, after three years of little rain, district officials began limiting how much water people could use. The governments of the Federal District and the nearby state of Goias also gave $166 million to develop water infrastructure(基础设施).
Demand around the world is expected to increase by nearly one-third by 2050. By then, 5 billion people could be left with poor access to water, the U.N. warned in its 2018 World Water Development Report. To avoid such a crisis, U.N. officials called for "nature-based solutions" that use or copy natural processes that should be used to increase water availability. They said solutions could include changing farming methods so fields keep more moisture and nutrients, collecting rainwater, and protecting wetlands. The officials also proposed re-establishing flood plains and said that plants could be grown on housetops. Such proposals will become more important as water industries grow.
1、 Who talked about water shortages in Brasilia at a panel discussion? ______
A. A journalist. B. A U.N. official.
C. A Federal District official. D. An official from the state of Goias.
2、 What is among the reasons for less public water supply in Brasilia? ______
A. Waste of rainwater. B. Insufficient rainfall.
C. Growing plants on the roofs. D. Development in infrastructure.
3、 What did the Federal District governments do to deal with water shortages? ______
A. They controlled population.
B. They limited water consumption.
C. They invested in artificial rainmaking.
D. They suggested "nature-based solutions".
4、 What is NOT a "nature-based solution"? ______
A. Gathering rainwater.
B. Preserving wetlands.
C. Sustaining water in soil.
D. Building houses on flood plains.
5、 What is the main idea of this passage? ______
A. Brasilia is facing the problem of water shortages.
B. The world has found a solution to water shortages.
C. The world is facing the problem of water shortages.
D. A report was released at the World Water Forum in Brasilia.
The Queen has only given one interview while a sovereign(君主). Her true personality remains elusive to the public. However, one thing is clear: Queen Elizabeth is an introvert. Introverts prefer quiet environments and feel energized from spending time alone or with people they know well. They aren't necessarily shy, but they do tend to be more reserved and guarded with strangers. Fellow introverts will appreciate how draining an average day for Her Majesty must be.
Fortunately, the Queen has some tricks to make public engagements easier. Just like us commoners rely on friends to save us from awkward situations or boring conversations, she subtly signals to her staff when she wants an intervention(介入). If she places her handbag on the table, it indicates that she wants the event to end in the next five minutes. For more urgent situations, putting her bag on the floor shows that she wants her lady-in-waiting to rescue her immediately.
Most comfortable in the countryside, the Queen has a well-known passion for horses and dogs. There is a scene in the hit Netflix show The Crown which reveals a fascinating side of the monarch. While giving Jackie Kennedy a personal tour of Buckingham Palace, the two women find themselves bonding over their respective positions as introverted women who have found themselves in the limelight. Surrounded by the Queen's beloved corgis, both women admit they are happiest around animals and that their extroverted sisters would have been much better suited to their public roles.
6、 The underlined word "draining"(Paragraph 1) is the closest in meaning to "______".
A. frustrating B. exhausting C. demanding D. aspiring
7、 To be rescued immediately in a public engagement, the Queen would ______.
A. end the event within five minutes B. place her handbag on the table
C. wave to her lady-in-waiting D. put her bag on the floor
8、 In the last paragraph, the underlined expression "the two women find themselves bonding over their respective positions" means that the two ladies ______.
A. admire each other B. help each other in public
C. grow closer to each other D. show respect for each other
9、 Queen Elizabeth and Jackie Kennedy share the following traits or facts EXCEPT that ______.
A. both have sisters B. both love animals
C. both enjoy being in public D. both are introverted women
10、 The author's attitude can be described as ______.
A. neutral B. critical C. pessimistic D. subjective
Back when Disney products were to be watched, not experienced, Walt Disney had a vision: a the me park that felt like stepping into a magical new place. Now, we can finally witness Walt's first dream. Before construction could start, Walt needed funding. He and his friend Herb Ryman put their heads together and mapped out their dream for the Disneyland that was still just a figment of their imagination. In just one frenzied 1953 weekend, their idea came to life on paper—and you'll notice both subtle differences from and remarkable similarities to the modern Anaheim California Park.
Like today, visitors would have entered the park into a Main Street USA-type area. The tunnels aren't as wide as they were imagined more than 60 years ago, but park-goers are still greeted with a train passing overhead as they make their way toward the magic. (Even with a modern Disneyland map, it's tough to find these secret Disney park spots you never knew existed.) Walt always hoped for a castle as a focal point of the park, but its real-life copy changed from his initial dream. The first palace was a sprawling fortress, hiding a massive carrousel(旋转木马) beyond its walls. Now, Sleeping Beauty Castle has more intricate towers, and King Arthur Carrousel takes its spins in Fantasyland, behind the palace.
Walt's vision for the Mark Twain steamboat circling around Tom Sawyer Island and its Pirate's Lair(巢穴) hasn't changed much, though at that point it was called Frontier Country instead of Frontierland. That wasn't the only name change, though. World of Tomorrow turned into Tomorrowland—and eventually lost its rocket. Astronauts walked on the moon 14 years after the park was built, making the Rocket to the Moon seem out of date. Meanwhile, True-Life Adventureland lost its first word, while most of the areas took on totally different themes.
11、 What was Walt Disney's first dream? ______
A. To build a theme park. B. To draw a map on paper.
C. To travel in a magical place. D. To design a series of products.
12、 Before construction started, Walt Disney did the following things EXCEPT ______.
A. getting funding B. planning the park
C. drawing the park on paper D. daydreaming with a friend
13、 Which of the following park spots has not changed much since Walt's vision came to life on paper? ______
A. A Main Street area. B. World of Tomorrow.
C. Sleeping Beauty Castle. D. True-Life Adventureland.
14、 How many name changes have been mentioned in this passage? ______
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
15、 What is the theme of this passage? ______
A. A tour in Disneyland. B. Walt Disney's life story.
C. The future of Disneyland. D. Walt Disney's first dream.
You've made it. You managed to navigate your way through the world's largest airport; you breezed through security; and you successfully boarded the plane. Now you're comfortable in your seat in the cabin, and there's even a little bit of elbow room, as the flight isn't fully booked for once. With the hassle behind you, you settle in with your neck pillow, pop some Kenny G on your iPod, and get ready to spend quality time sleeping on a plane. And you're about to make a huge mistake that will put your health at risk, as reported by Travel+Leisure.
It's not because of the Kenny G. It's the shuteye part. According to MedlinePlus, falling asleep during landing or takeoff could cause serious damage to your ears. It all has to do with the rapid changes in air pressure in the cabin. If you're awake, a natural response to alleviate pressure on your eardrums during takeoff and landing is to "pop" them, to maintain pressure equilibrium. If you're sleeping, on a plane, you can't actively work to relax those muscles and release the tension, so you can become susceptible to dizziness, ear infections, eardrum damage, hearing loss and nosebleeds.
"A quick change in altitude affects the air pressure in the ear," says Angel Chalmers, a British pharmacist, via Express. "This leads to a vacuum in the Eustachian tubes(咽鼓管) which makes the ears feel blocked and sound dull. "
Keep those Eustachian tubes clear" and keep those eyes open for at least another few minutes. Open that book you just bought in the terminal. After all, there are some major advantages to buying your reading material at the airport.
16、 The underlined sentence "You've made it."(Paragraph 1) means that you have managed ______.
A. to board the plane
B. to get a bit of elbow loom
C. to get ready to sleep after boarding
D. to make yourself comfortable after boarding
17、 What would damage your health when the plane takes off or lands? ______
A. Using a neck pillow. B. Shutting your eyes.
C. Listening to music. D. Falling asleep.
18、 The underlined word "alleviate" (Paragraph 2) is the closest in meaning to "______".
A. increase B. reduce C. maintain D. escape
19、 Having a vacuum in the Eustachian tubes during takeoff and landing could cause unpleasant symptoms to the following body parts EXCEPT ______.
A. the throat B. the nose
C. the ears D. the head
20、 The author suggests that you read a book ______ during the plane taking off and landing.
A. to amuse yourself B. to stay awake
C. to keep your ears clear D. to make yourself comfortable
Format Ⅱ
Directions: In the following passage, some sentences have been removed. For questions 21—25, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit into any of the blanks. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on The Answer Sheet.
Whether it's a hotel stay, shopping or dining out, a vacation to Paris can be a pricey proposition. But there are plenty of ways to stretch your dollar in the City of Lights and have a high-end getaway.
Barkley Hickcox, a Paris specialist and an owner of Local Foreigner, a travel consultancy, has a few tips to help travelers make the most of their Parisian getaway.
21 .
The ideal time to visit Paris is between November and April, when hotel prices are at their lowest. Some high-end properties offer even further discounts if you book a stay several months in advance.
22 .
Families traveling to Paris should consider staying in a high-end apartment instead of a hotel, Ms. Hickcox said. "An apartment is less expensive than booking multiple rooms at a five-star hotel, and since you have a kitchen, you can save money on food costs by eating in occasionally," she said.
23 .
Paris is known for fine cuisine, but rather than dining at one of the city's renowned restaurants at dinnertime, go for lunch, when the tab will be much lower and the cuisine just as good. "You'll find lots of great eateries where you can have dinner with wine for 35 to 50 euros a person," she said.
24 .
Ms. Hickcox's favorite way to explore Paris is on foot. "You can fully appreciate the city's beauty by walking, and it's designed for walkers because there are walking paths and sidewalks everywhere," she said.
For longer distances, she suggested using the city's bike share system, Velib. A week-long pass costs 15 euros, and there are stations everywhere. There is another choice if you are not so much fond of biking. 25 , Paris' subway system. It's convenient, and you can buy daily and weekly passes.
A. Dine out
B. Eat smartly
C. Try the Metro
D. Stay in a hotel
E. Ditch taxis and cars
F. Travel at the right time
G. Choose the right accommodations
Section B Banked Cloze
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Please blacken the corresponding letter for each choice on The Answer Sheet. You may not use an), of the words in the word bank more than once.
I knew this woman who was afraid to tell people what she wanted. She didn't know 26 to say "no". Instead, she got herself tangled in a web of obligations, anxiety, and white lies. She was 27 .
28 recently, I decided I' d had enough. As an experiment, I began 29 up for myself, even at the risk of alienating(疏远) everyone and having 30 entire life come crashing down around me. That didn't happen. Here's what I did: I stopped making pretty excuses.
Saying "no" is so much easier. If someone asks me to do something I have zero interest 31 , I'm polite but honest. The phrase "I' m sorry I don't think that's really 32 me." slips out my mouth faster than some lame excuse. My friends and family didn't mind. 33 I stopped people-pleasing, no one cared. A good friend asked me to go for coffee at 5P.M. I was 34 to hit the gym. I said, "Sorry, I've got things I want to do tonight." She said, "That's fine. Maybe another time."
Learning how to say "no" has added several extra hours to my days, days 35 my weeks, and what feels like months to my years. Saying "no" has set me free.
A. facing
B. to
C. her
D. in
E. for
F. what
G. standing
H. And
I. my
J. But
K. me
L. When
M. on
N. planning
O. how
Part Ⅱ Integrated Testing
Section A Cloze
Directions: In this section, there are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on The Answer Sheet.
Brazilian Zarela Mosquera moved to the United States as a teenager. The adjustment to a new place was 36 . Mosquera says she became a bratty(顽皮的) teenager, as a result. But it was not just the 37 that affected her behavior. Mosquera says there was another major stress in her life at that time: She was the only member of her 38 who spoke English.
"Being in a country with my family that doesn't speak Spanish and my parents don't really speak 39 , my parents were trying to give me all these responsibilities." Along with Spanish and English, Mosquera also speaks Portuguese. But there was another universal language she learned to love as a child: art.
Zarela Mosquera connected with drawing and painting while in school. 40 she mostly dismissed art as a path to a career. She says her Dad 41 always say, "Think about the 42 ." Mosquera did not think he would support the study of 43 once she went to college.
But, to her 44 , it was her parents who suggested just that. They urged her to 45 to technical and liberal arts schools. "One of them was Rhode Island School of Design, which was like my 46 choice." RISD, as it is called, 47 Mosquera as well. She enrolled in industrial design.
"It's basically to design 48 and services. I could be doing something more technical or something more 49 to problem-solving, whether it's 50 out a better way to filter water or developing a type of specific shelter 51 refugees for example."
Mosquera says the course of study was 52 including metalworking, woodworking and model making. She says in one class she just drew cubes for an entire month, which led her to a 53 : "Wow! Do I really want to do this?" But, she says, she 54 the cube study. And, then she began 55 on more interesting projects.
Mosquera is now a design strategist for Marshall Moya Design, an architecture and interior design company in Washington, D.C.
36、 A. successful B. important C. necessary D. difficult
37、 A. age B. growth C. adjustment D. education
38、 A. family B. peers C. friends D. class
39、 A. Spanish B. English C. Portuguese D. French
40、 A. So B. Moreover C. And D. But
41、 A. could B. should C. would D. might
42、 A. time B. past C. present D. future
43、 A. language B. art C. technology D. design
44、 A. disappointment B. surprise C. annoyance D. dissatisfaction
45、 A. apply B. eater C. adapt D. move
46、 A. top B. moral C. natural D. popular
47、 A. failed B. rejected C. chose D. urged
48、 A. machines B. shelters C. filters D. products
49、 A. adjusted B. related C. affiliated D. exposed
50、 A. figuring B. wiping C. filling D. ruling
51、 A. with B. for C. on D. in
52、 A. easy B. pleasant C. tough D. smooth
53、 A. question B. problem C. door D. road
54、 A. undertook B. funded C. started D. survived
55、 A. putting B. relying C. working D. counting
非选择题部分
Section B Short Answer Questions
Directions: In this part there is a short passage followed by five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements with no more than 10 words. Please write your answers on The Answer Sheet.
Researchers in Japan and Australia said they had made progress in developing a blood test that could one day help doctors identify who might get Alzheimer's disease. The scientists said the test can recognize a protein known as amyloid(淀粉样蛋白) beta, which other studies had linked to Alzheimer's. They said it was correct more than 90 percent of the time in a study involving over 370 people. The findings were published in the journal Nature.
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia (痴呆). Experts believe dementia affects close to 50 million people worldwide. By the year 2050, it is expected to affect more than 131 million people. Those numbers come from Alzheimer's Disease International, a non-profit group. Currently, doctors have two ways to identify a buildup of amyloid beta in the brain. One is a brain scan or brain imaging; the other is a spinal tap(脊椎抽液). But both tests are invasive, costly and may only show results when the disease has already started to progress. There is no treatment that can slow the progression of Alzheimer's. Current drugs can only ease some of the effects of the disease.
Having a simple, low-cost blood test could make it easier for drug companies to find enough people who are at risk of developing Alzheimer's to test new medicines, said Katsuhiko Yanagisawa. He was one of the leaders of the study. He works at the Japanese National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology.
Alzheimer's disease is thought to start developing years before patients have any signs of memory loss. Experts say an important factor in finding an effective treatment will be the ability to recognize signs of the disease early. "You have got to walk before you run," said Colin Masters, a co-leader of the study and a professor at the University of Melbourne in Australia. "You have to learn to diagnose the disease directly before you can hope to see the effect of therapeutic intervention. And that's where the real value in this test will come," Masters added.
56、 This passage reports the development of a ______ test to diagnose Alzheimer's disease.
57、 One advantage of the present test is that it costs ______ than the previous tests.
58、 All the three tests identify Alzheimer's disease by detecting a protein named ______.
59、 Can doctors cure or slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease today? ______
60、 Alzheimer's disease may have already started before patients have any signs of memory ______.
Part Ⅲ Translation
Section A Chinese-English Translation
Directions:Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese expressions given in the brackets. Please write your translation on The Answer Sheet.
61、 ______(起源于汉朝), shadow play(皮影戏) became popular among ordinary people in the Tang Dynasty.
62、 Trade between West and East moved through Central Asia along the famed Silk Road, bringing ______ (发展与繁荣).
63、 The Grand Canal flows southwards ______ (纵贯四省) of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
64、 BYD is now famous for its "plug-in" electric hybrid cars, which, ______(如其名称所示), can be recharged by plugging them into electricity sockets.
65、 If you are to study for ______(学士学位), you have to take standardized examinations on a couple of subjects.
Section B English-Chinese Translation
Directions: Translate into Chinese the underlined sentences in the following passage. Please write your translation on The Answer Sheet.
When asked how far engineers had come towards creating artificial intelligence (AI), Stephen W. Hawking replied, " 66 Once humans develop artificial intelligence, it would take off on its own. It will redesign itself at an ever increasing rate. Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn't compete with it. We would be replaced. "
In my view, the late Cambridge professor is wrong because there are strong grounds for believing that computers will never copy all human cognitive abilities. 67 AI has historically failed to copy human mentality, and it will continue to fail. Three fundamental problems explain why.
First, computers lack true understanding. A US philosopher John Searle proposes how a computer program can appear to understand Chinese stories by responding to questions, but fail to truly understand anything of the interaction.
Second, computers lack consciousness. Some researchers hold 68 if a robot experiences a conscious sensation as it interacts with the world, consciousness will exist in everything everywhere: in the cup of tea I am drinking, in the seat that I am sitting on. But does everything in this world have souls or minds? If we reject this idea, we must reject machine consciousness.
Lastly, computers lack mathematical insight. Can the human mind be completely realized by mere computations?
In my role as an AI expert on the International Committee for Robot Arms Control, I am particularly concerned by the potential development of robotic weapons systems. 69 These systems can engage themselves in military action without human instruction. This is because current AI is not similar to human intelligence. When fighting against each other, poorly designed autonomous systems have the potential to make the situations worse rapidly. Such systems can exhibit true artificial stupidity.
It is possible to agree that 70 AI may pose an existential threat to humanity, but it will never become more intelligent than us.
66、 Once humans develop artificial intelligence, it would take off on its own.
67、 AI has historically failed to copy human mentality, and it will continue to fail.
68、 if a robot experiences a conscious sensation as it interacts with the world, consciousness will exist in everything everywhere
69、 These systems can engage themselves in military action without human instruction.
70、 AI may pose an existential threat to humanity, but it wilt never become more intelligent than us.
Part Ⅳ Writing
71、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Population Transformation in China. You should write about 120 words following the outline given below, taking the information available in the following table as evidence. Please write your composition on The Answer Sheet.
(1)简述表格内容，概括中国人口变化趋势；
(2)简要说明中国人口变化可能带来的社会影响，如居民养老、代际关系、劳动力人口下降等；
(3)提出相应的建议和措施。
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