一、经济金融基础知识单项选择题
在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、党的二十大报告指出，______发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的______任务。
A．高水平 首要 B．高质量 首要
C．高水平 重要 D．高质量 重要
2、在四部门经济中，GDP是指______的总和。
A．消费、净投资、政府购买和净出口
B．消费、总投资、政府购买和净出口
C．消费、总投资、政府购买和总出口
D．消费、净投资、政府购买和总出口
3、凯恩斯认为，当利率极低时，投机动机的货币需求是无限的，并将这种现象称为______。
A．流动性陷阱 B．货币幻觉
C．流动性过剩 D．现金偏好
4、机会成本的经济含义是______。
A．使用一种资源的机会成本是放弃这种资源另一种用途的收入
B．使用一种资源的机会成本是放弃这种资源在其他用途中所能得到的最大收益
C．使用一种资源的机会成本是将其用于次优用途的收入
D．使用一种资源的机会成本是保证这种资源在现用途继续使用而必须支付的费用
5、微观经济学一般均衡理论中的生产可能性曲线的斜率称为______。
A．边际转换率 B．边际替代率
C．边际技术替代率 D．平均技术替代率
6、某一经济活动存在外部经济是指该活动的______。
A．私人成本大于社会成本 B．私人成本小于社会成本
C．私人利益大于社会利益 D．私人利益小于社会利益
7、商业银行在中央银行的存款准备金加上流通于银行体系之外的通货等于______。
A．定向准备金 B．法定存款准备金
C．超额存款准备金 D．基础货币
8、当价格水平高于均衡价格水平时，会发生______。
A．超额供给，价格水平下降 B．超额需求，价格水平下降
C．超额供给，价格水平上升 D．超额需求，价格水平上升
9、下述属于货币市场工具的是______。
A．抵押贷款 B．某公司的股票
C．某公司发行的20年期债券 D．6个月期国库券
10、______不属于商业银行的可用头寸。
A．库存现金 B．法定存款准备金
C．超额存款准备金 D．存放同业存款
11、Ⅱ类银行账户不能为客户提供______服务。
A．购买理财产品 B．存取现金
C．消费 D．缴费支付
12、慈善信托是指委托人基于慈善目的，依法将其财产委托给受托人，由受托人按照委托人意愿以______名义进行管理和处分，开展慈善活动的行为。
A．委托人 B．受托人
C．受益人 D．监察人
13、根据我国《存款保险条例》，存款保险的偿付上限为______万元人民币。
A．20 B．50
C．80 D．100
14、______不属于我国商业银行核心一级资本。
A．普通股 B．资本公积
C．超额贷款损失准备 D．一般风险准备
15、银行保险机构强制或变相强制消费者接受金融产品或者服务的行为，侵犯了消费者下列哪项权利?______
A．信息安全权 B．自主选择权
C．公平交易权 D．依法求偿权
16、一家企业3个月后将会使用美元从澳大利亚进口一批商品，该企业最应关注的是______。
A．澳元的即期汇率 B．澳元3个月后的远期汇率
C．美元的即期汇率 D．美元3个月后的远期汇率
17、世界上最大的外汇交易市场在______。
A．法兰克福 B．纽约
C．香港 D．伦敦
18、下列保险条款中，不属于保险公司风险控制手段的是______。
A．免赔额条款 B．等待期条款
C．不可抗辩条款 D．比例共付条款
19、张某购买了一份两全保险，合同规定张某在签收保险单后，在一定期间内可以解除保险合同，保险公司应当退还全额保险费给张某。这里的一定期间是指______。
A．免责期 B．犹豫期
C．等待期 D．宽限期
20、在处理保险合同争议时，如果保险合同条款含义不清，通常采取有利于被保险人的解释原则进行解释和处理，其原因在于______。
A．保险合同是双务性合同 B．保险合同是射幸性合同
C．保险合同是附和性合同 D．保险合同是条件性合同
二、银保监综合类专业单项选择题
在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
21、以下哪个变量是存量?______
A．个人可支配收入 B．消费支出
C．个人财富 D．国民生产总值
22、在一个四部门经济中，以下关于对外贸易乘数的表述正确的是______。
A．对外贸易乘数与边际消费倾向负相关，与边际进口倾向负相关
B．对外贸易乘数与边际消费倾向负相关，与边际进口倾向正相关
C．对外贸易乘数与边际消费倾向正相关，与边际进口倾向负相关
D．对外贸易乘数与边际消费倾向正相关，与边际进口倾向正相关
23、若利率和收入的组合点出现在IS曲线右上方、LM曲线左上方的区域中，则表示______。
A．投资小于储蓄且货币需求小于货币供给
B．投资小于储蓄且货币需求大于货币供给
C．投资大于储蓄且货币需求小于货币供给
D．投资大于储蓄且货币需求大于货币供给
24、下列关于国内生产总值(GDP)折算指数的说法正确的是______。
A．GDP折算指数既包括国内产品价格，也包括进口产品价格
B．GDP折算指数给各种产品价格分配的权重是变动的
C．国内原材料价格变动不会影响GDP折算指数
D．GDP折算指数是拉氏指数
25、当总供给曲线具有正斜率时，单位原材料的实际成本增加会使总供给曲线移向______。
A．左方，价格水平上升，实际产出减少
B．左方，价格水平下降，实际产出增加
C．右方，价格水平上升，实际产出减少
D．右方，价格水平下降，实际产出增加
26、在以横轴表示失业率、纵轴表示通货膨胀率的坐标系中，长期菲利普斯曲线是一条______。
A．向右上方倾斜的曲线 B．向右下方倾斜的曲线
C．水平线 D．垂线
27、某国的人口总数是1000万，其中劳动力是800万，就业人数是700万，那么该国的失业率是______。
A．10% B．12.5%
C．20% D．30%
28、蒙代尔—弗莱明模型研究的经济体是______。
A．大型开放经济 B．大型封闭经济
C．小型开放经济 D．小型封闭经济
29、已知需求方程为：Q=50-2P，在P=10处的点价格弹性是______。
A．6 B．2/3
C．1/3 D．0
30、当吉芬商品的价格上升时，应该有______。
A．替代效应为正值，收入效应为负值，且前者的作用小于后者
B．替代效应为正值，收入效应为负值，且前者的作用大于后者
C．替代效应为负值，收入效应为正值，且前者的作用小于后者
D．替代效应为负值，收入效应为正值，且前者的作用大于后者
31、在短期生产的第二个阶段，边际成本呈现的特点是______。
A．递减，且小于或等于平均可变成本
B．递增，且小于或等于平均可变成本
C．递减，且大于或等于平均可变成本
D．递增，且大于或等于平均可变成本
32、弯折的需求曲线模型即______，被用来解释一些寡头市场上的______现象。
A．斯威齐模型 价格歧视 B．斯威齐模型 价格刚性
C．斯塔克伯格模型 价格歧视 D．斯塔克伯格模型 价格刚性
33、体现国民收入在国民间分配程度的曲线是______。
A．拉弗曲线 B．菲利普斯曲线
C．洛伦兹曲线 D．恩格尔曲线
34、若一个行业是成本递减的完全竞争行业，则其长期供给曲线是______。
A．向右上方倾斜的曲线 B．向右下方倾斜的曲线
C．水平线 D．垂线
35、党的二十大报告要求，加强和完善现代金融监管，强化金融稳定______，依法将各类金融活动全部纳入监管，守住不发生______风险底线。
A．支撑体系 系统性 B．保障体系 系统性
C．支撑体系 系统性、区域性 D．保障体系 系统性、区域性
36、银行为客户开出汇票或票据签章承诺，保证到期一定付款的业务是______。
A．汇兑业务 B．证券业务
C．代收业务 D．承兑业务
37、以下不属于中央银行“国家的银行”职能的是______。
A．代理国库 B．制定和实施货币政策
C．集中存款准备 D．保管外汇和黄金储备
38、能够在到期日前任何一天交割的期权是______。
A．可赎回期权 B．卖权期权
C．美式期权 D．欧式期权
39、 2022年诺贝尔经济学奖被授予经济学家伯南克、戴蒙德和迪布维格，以表彰他们对于______的研究。
A．博弈论与信息经济学 B．银行与金融危机
C．金融资产定价 D．不完全契约理论
40、在下列银行中，______不同于其他三者。
A．英格兰银行 B．德意志银行
C．美国银行 D．花旗银行
41、若人民币有效汇率从120变为128，说明______。
A．人民币对美元升值 B．人民币对美元贬值
C．人民币对一篮子货币升值 D．人民币对一篮子货币贬值
42、从经济形势变化到需要中央银行实际采取行动的时间过程，称作______。
A．外部时滞 B．内部时滞
C．操作时滞 D．行动时滞
43、在行为金融学理论中，噪音交易者是______。
A．理性的 B．非理性的
C．中性的 D．不一定
44、斯旺模型中，调节内部均衡和外部平衡的手段是______。
A．国内支出增减型政策和本币实际汇率
B．国内物价水平和国内利率水平
C．财政政策和关税政策
D．利率和汇率水平
45、______表示一家公司的股票价值对其净利润的倍数。
A．市盈率 B．市净率
C．市销率 D．回报率
46、下列不属于财产保险的是______。
A．责任保险 B．信用保险
C．保证保险 D．收入保障保险
47、假设某项资产的β值为0.5，此时短期国库券利率为3%，当市场预期收益为9.8%时，则根据资本资产定价模型(CAPM模型)计算得出的该项资产预期收益率最接近______。
A．4% B．6%
C．8% D．10%
48、以下哪一种理论的货币被称为“栖息的货币”?______
A．现金余额数量说 B．现金交易数量说
C．流动性偏好理论 D．货币学派的货币需求理论
49、以下属于第三支柱养老保险的是______。
A．失业保险 B．基本医疗保险
C．个人养老金 D．大病保险
50、在商业银行资产负债表中属于资产的是______。
A．商业银行持有的国债
B．商业银行吸收的存款
C．中央银行给商业银行发放的贴现贷款
D．商业银行签发的承兑汇票
51、统计指标可以分为数量指标和质量指标两种，其中数量指标的表现形式是______。
A．绝对数 B．相对数
C．平均数 D．综合数
52、落在某一分类数据每一类别或组中的数据个数称为______。
A．频率 B．频数
C．频度 D．密度
53、某省对辖内水稻平均亩产情况进行抽样调查时，按平原、丘陵、山区分组后再分别抽选样本单位，这种抽样方法是______。
A．整群抽样 B．系统抽样
C．多阶段抽样 D．分层抽样
54、关于调查的说法中，正确的是______。
A．调查时间特指调查工作进行的时间
B．典型调查的误差可以控制
C．典型调查与重点调查的区别在于调查单位数的多少不同
D．一次性调查可以定期进行
55、如果一个数据的标准分数是2，表明该数据______。
A．等于2倍的平均数 B．比平均数高出2倍
C．比平均数高出2个标准差 D．比平均数高出2个方差
56、在简单随机重复抽样情况下，为使抽样误差减少3/4，则抽样单位数应当是原来的______。
A．16倍 B．4倍
C．16/9倍 D．4/3倍
57、若总体均值为40，在一次抽样中测得样本均值为43，则下列说法中正确的是______。
A．抽样标准误差为3 B．抽样平均误差为3
C．抽样实际误差为3 D．抽样极限误差为3
58、线性回归方程中，回归系数越大，意味着______。
A．回归估计的残差越小 B．回归曲线的拟合效果越好
C．因变量和自变量间相关系数越大 D．因变量对自变量变化越敏感
59、方差分析中，若计算得到的P值小于0.01，则结论应当为______。
A．各样本均值全相等 B．各总体均值全相等
C．至少有两个样本均值不等 D．至少有两个总体均值不等
60、某时间数列有20年的年度数据，现使用五年移动平均法进行修匀，则修匀后的时间数列有______项数据。
A．15 B．16
C．20 D．25
61、某制造业企业2020年完成产值200万元，2021年计划增长10%，实际完成231万元，则计划完成程度相对数为______。
A．100% B．105%
C．115.5% D．155%
62、若各期观察值的二阶差分大致相当，则对这一时间序列进行预测时适当的模型是______。
A．二次曲线模型 B．指数模型
C．线性模型 D．对数模型
63、随机试验的所有可能出现结果组成的集合，称为______。
A．基本事件 B．随机事件
C．样本 D．样本空间
64、随机事件A、B、C中至少有一个发生的概率应表示为______。
A．P(A∪B∪C. B．P(A∩B∩C.
C．PA.+PB.+P(C. D．PA.PB.P(C.
65、若两个相互独立的随机变量X和Y的标准差分别为3与4，则X+Y的标准差为______。
A．3.5 B．5
C．7 D．12
66、统计报告作为信息来源的主要优点是______。
A．统计报告可用于获取第一手资料
B．统计报告可用于获取未过滤的信息
C．统计报告可以有效地反映各变量之间的关系
D．统计报告允许口头或非口头形式的信息反馈
67、“己所不欲，勿施于人”“换位思考”“将心比心”“设身处地”等习语里所隐含的道德观是______。
A．权利至上道德观 B．公平公正道德观
C．社会契约道德观 D．推己及人道德观
68、管理需要信息沟通，而信息沟通必须具备的三个关键要素是______。
A．传递者、接收者、信息渠道 B．发送者、传递者、信息内容
C．发送者、接收者、信息内容 D．发送者、传递者、接收者
69、企业竞争的实质是产品竞争。某企业依托自身雄厚的资金实力、强大的研究与开发部门，独立进行研究和试制，研制和采用新技术去生产新的产品，从而取得市场竞争的优势。该企业采用的是______产品竞争战略。
A．追随战略 B．创新战略
C．领先战略 D．模仿战略
70、下列关于泰罗的“差别计件工资制”的各项说法，不正确的是______。
A．根据工人的实际工作表现支付工资
B．通过时间和动作研究来制定有科学依据的工作定额
C．如果工人完成或超额完成定额，则定额内的部分连同超额部分都按比正常单价高一定比例计酬
D．对于完不成定额的工人，只支付日工资
71、下列______是扁平结构的组织所具有的优点。
A．信息失真的可能性小
B．下属有更多的提升机会
C．每位主管能够对下属进行详尽的指导
D．管理幅度比较小
72、下列没有在马斯洛需要层次理论中列出的是______。
A．安全需要 B．自我实现需要
C．归属需要 D．心理需要
73、以下关于霍桑试验的各项说法，正确的是______。
A．霍桑试验是由韦伯领导的
B．结果符合古典管理中关于工人是经济人的观点
C．结果发现，影响生产力的最重要因素是待遇和工作环境
D．企业中存在着非正式组织，对生产率有重大影响
74、下列句子中，结构与其他三句不同的一句是______。
A．物类之起，必有所始 B．肉腐出虫，鱼枯生蠹
C．荣辱之来，必像其德 D．怠慢忘身，祸灾乃作
75、下列短语没有歧义的是______。
A．两个学校的老师 B．解释清楚
C．咬死了猎人的狗 D．解决问题的方法
76、“我失骄杨君失柳，杨柳轻飏直上重霄九”运用的辞格是______。
A．夸张 B．仿词
C．比拟 D．双关
77、“粗缯大布裹生涯，腹有诗书气自华”的作者是______。
A．苏轼 B．陆游
C．李商隐 D．白居易
78、我们是有着五千年文明传承的东方大国，儒家的“仁义礼智信”思想______于民族精髓之中，社会主义核心价值观正是在______传统思想精华的基础上应运而生。当前，改革释放出的红利推动中国经济的迅猛发展，与此同时，物欲膨胀带来的拜金主义、享乐主义、个人主义等一系列负面影响也______着文明底线。
填入括号部分最恰当的一项是______。
A．扎根 吸收 触碰 B．孕育 继承 挑战
C．深植 汲取 冲击 D．蕴藏 提炼 腐蚀
79、如果允许我们在任何一方面发生错误，那么过高估计自己的价值比低估它会更加有利。
这段文字想表达的是______。
A．我们要经常鼓励自己去试错
B．我们不可能不犯错误，所以不要过分自信
C．幸运总是青睐那些勇于不断试错的人
D．如果不考虑犯错的成本，那么过分自信也是有利的
80、依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一项是______。
弘扬生命的价值，必须将作为个体的人和作为社会一分子的人统一起来。一个人打造生命品质，______；______；______。______。
①不是追求自我的幸福，而是将这份幸福和成功也体现在对社会的贡献上
②不是追求个人某方面的突破，而是追求人格的全面发展
③这样所弘扬的生命价值，就有了全面性
④不是追求局部的成功，而是生命的整体丰盈
A．③①④② B．②④①③
C．②①④③ D．③②④①
三、银保监综合类专业多项选择题
下面各题，每题至少有两个正确答案。
81、在一个三部门经济中，如果税收为定量税，边际消费倾向是0.9，那么______。
A．投资乘数是10 B．税收乘数是-9
C．政府购买支出乘数是10 D．政府转移支付乘数是9
82、以下属于相对收入消费理论的内容的有______。
A．巴拉萨—萨缪尔森效应 B．J曲线效应
C．示范效应 D．棘轮效应
83、下列表述中，对国内生产总值(GDP)的含义理解正确的是______。
A．GDP是一个市场价值的概念
B．中间产品价值不计入GDP
C．GDP是一个国民概念而非地域概念
D．GDP是计算期内生产的最终产品价值，是一个存量
84、在完全信息静态博弈中，如果纳什均衡存在，则它______。
A．既可能是唯一的，也可能是不唯一的
B．一定是唯一的
C．既可能是稳定的，也可能是不稳定的
D．一定是稳定的
85、以下关于加法型社会福利函数的说法，正确的是______。
A．又被称为罗尔斯社会福利函数
B．强调的是所有成员的效用总和而非其分配
C．其对应的社会无差异曲线是一条直线
D．其对应的社会无差异曲线是一条直角L形线
86、金币本位制的特点包括______。
A．金币的形状、重量和成色由国家法律规定
B．金币具有无限法偿能力
C．辅币和银行券不可以自由兑换成金币
D．金币可以自由地输出、输入国境
87、以下属于一般衍生工具的是______。
A．期货 B．简单互换
C．可转换债券 D．互换期权
88、以下关于费雪方程式的表述，正确的是______。
A．也被称为“现金余额说”
B．重视货币作为一种交易的功能
C．其期货需求决定因素多于剑桥方程式
D．没有考虑微观主体动机对货币需求的影响
89、证券承销的形式包括______。
A．包销 B．全额经销
C．代销 D．余额经销
90、根据《银行保险机构关联交易管理办法》，以下类型的关联交易属于保险机构关联交易的是______。
A．资金运用类关联交易 B．授信类关联交易
C．利益转移类关联交易 D．服务类关联交易
91、抽样调查中，抽样误差是______。
A．可以避免的 B．无法避免的
C．可以控制的 D．无法控制的
92、在进行整群抽样时，为提高抽样估计的精度，在划分群时应当考虑______。
A．缩小群内差异 B．增大群内差异
C．缩小群间差异 D．增大群间差异
93、7家企业的年销售额(亿元)数据分别为：22、19、27、23、27、21、31。下列哪些图形适宜用来描述这些数据?______
A．散点图 B．茎叶图
C．雷达图 D．箱线图
94、定基增长速度等于______。
A．累计增长量除以基期水平 B．环比增长速度的连乘积
C．环比发展速度的连乘积-1 D．定基发展速度-1
95、概率密度函数曲线______。
A．位于X轴的上方 B．位于Y轴的右侧
C．与X轴之间的面积为1 D．与Y轴之间的面积为1
96、按照熊彼特关于创新是对“生产要素的重新组合”的定义，下列选项中符合创新的是______。
A．生产一种新的产品
B．掠取或控制原材料的一种新的来源
C．实现一种新的工业组织
D．采取一种新的观念
97、下列哪些情形适用于采取双向沟通?______
A．沟通时间充裕，沟通的内容复杂
B．下属对解决问题的方案的接受程度非常重要
C．上级希望下属能对管理中的问题提供有价值的信息和建议
D．下属需要处理情况紧急又必须坚决执行的工作和任务
98、下列关于新闻价值的说法，正确的有______。
A．事实发生的概率越小，便越有新闻价值
B．事实发生与受众的利益越相关，越具有新闻价值
C．事实与接受者的心理距离越近，越具有新闻价值
D．凡是含有冲突的事实，多少都具有新闻价值；内含的冲突越大，越具有新闻价值
99、下列成语中有错别字的选项有______。
A．诽然成章 B．披肝沥胆
C．稗官野史 D．故名思义
100、唐代诗人王翰《凉州词》：“葡萄美酒夜光杯，欲饮琵琶马上催。醉卧沙场君莫笑，古来征战几人回。”
下列选项对此诗分析正确的是______。
A．前两句借葡萄酒、夜光杯、马上琵琶三个带有西域特点的事物，点明并烘托了边塞征战的气氛
B．第三句写将士们已将生死置之度外，死且不怕，酒又何惧
C．第四句暗示战争十分残酷，将士生死未卜，只有借酒来麻醉自己
D．从全诗看，这是一首描写将士利用战斗间隙举行庆功祝捷场面的诗，充满甘洒热血、不怕牺牲的报国壮志
四、英语阅读理解题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D.中，选出最佳选项。
In mid-April 2020, the national unemployment rate reached 14.7 percent—the highest since the Great Depression. Forty-one million American workers filed for unemployment between February and May of 2020. Unprecedented unemployment rates don't just have an impact on the unemployed, though. For people still employed during the COVID-19 pandemic, job insecurity and financial concern are associated with greater symptoms of depression and anxiety, according to findings from the UConn School of Nursing published recently in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
The findings are part of a year-long examination of how behavior and social attitudes change, and what factors influence those changes, when people in the United States are faced with the threat of widespread disease. Supported by a National Science Foundation grant, the study is tracking the well-being, feelings, and behavioral practices of about 1,000 individuals across the United States, and more than 18 surveys of the participants have already been conducted since March.
The study asked participants to identify symptoms of anxiety by asking if they were feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge, or if they were not able to stop or control their worrying. They were also asked about the extent of their financial concerns—how worried they were about their employment and financial situation, if they expected their financial situation to get worse over the next 12 months, and if they had the means to secure food and housing for their family for the next 12 months.
Most study participants reported some level of worry about the effects of COVID-19 on their employment. While previous studies have linked large-scale disruptions like recessions and pandemics with poor mental health, the researchers note that their study importantly expands on these associations by demonstrating independent links between greater financial concern with greater anxiety symptoms, and greater job insecurity with greater depressive symptoms, after accounting for demographics, health, and other COVID-19 concerns and experiences.
The researchers say employers can play a critical role in supporting the mental health of their employees by recognizing the increased anxiety that workers experience when their job security feels threatened during the pandemic.
"Our results demonstrate the potential adverse consequences that job insecurity and financial concern have on employees' mental health," the researchers write. "Based on these findings, for those experiencing depressive symptoms during the pandemic, it may be particularly important for employers to be mindful and try to minimize feelings of uncertainty for the employees, as well as instilling hope or agency in employees. For those experiencing anxiety symptoms, employers could attempt to reduce financial concerns by allowing employees to continue to work (eg, telework), even with reduced hours and income, to ensure that employees do not lose their entire income."
101、What can we know from the first paragraph? ______
A．The unemployment ratein the United States is at an all-time high.
B．41 million people were unemployed in the United States in 2020.
C．The high unemployment rate has little effect on the employed.
D．The employed are also uneasy about their employment prospects.
102、Researchers of the mentioned study mainly asked participants about ______.
A．their mental conditions
B．their depression symptoms
C．their views on economic situation
D．their family income and expenditure
103、Through the investigation, the researchers found that ______.
A．greater economic insecurity can cause serious anxiety
B．epidemics can lead to psychological problems
C．people infected with COVID-19 are prone to depression
D．anxiety symptoms are barely associated with physical health status
104、The researchers advised employers to ______.
A．provide more work opportunities
B．avoid firing their sick employees
C．make employees feel financially secure
D．allow anxious workers to get fully paid
105、What would be the author's purpose of writingthis passage? ______
A．To call on policymakers to respond to unemployment crisis.
B．To offer some advice to deal with unemployment anxiety and depression.
C．To explore root reasons for the rise of unemployment rate.
D．To illustrate the great influence of pandemics on economy.
Business has slowed, layoffs mount, but executive pay continues to roar—at least so far.Business Week's annual survey finds that chief executive officers (CEOs) at 365 of the largest US companies got compensation last year averaging $ 3.1 million—up 1.3 percent from 1994.
Why are the top bosses getting an estimated 485 times the pay of' a typical factory worker? That is up from 475 times in 1999 and a mere 42 times in 1980.One reason may be what experts call the "Lake Wobegon effect".Corporate boards tend to reckon that "all CEOs are above average"—a play on Garrison Keillor's famous line in his public radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, that all the town's children are "above average". Consultants provide boards with surveys of corporate CEO compensation.Since directors are reluctant to regard their CEOs as below average, the compensation committees of boards tend to set pay at an above-average level. The result: Pay levels get ratcheted up.
Defenders of lavish CEO pay argue there is such a strong demand for experienced CEOs that the free market forces their pay up.They further maintain most boards structure pay packages to reflect an executive's performance.They get paid more if their companies and their stock do well. So companies with high-paid CEOs generate great wealth for their shareholders.
But the supposed cream-of-the-crop executives did surprisingly poorly for their shareholders in 1999, says Scot Klinger, author of this report by a Boston-based organization, United for a Fair Economy. If an investor had put $10,000 apiece at the end of 1999 into the stock of those companies with the 10 highest-paid CEOs, by year-end 2000 the investment would have shrunk to $8,132.1f $10,000 had been put into the Standard & Poor's 500 stocks, it would have been worth $9,090.To Mr.Klinger, these findings suggest that the theory that one person, the CEO, is responsible for creating most of a corporation's value is dead wrong. "It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable."
With profits down, corporate boards may make more effort to tame executive compensation.And executives are making greater efforts to avoid pay cut. Since CEOs, seeing their options "under water" or worthless because of falling stock prices, are seeking more pay in cash or in restricted stock.
106、Which of the following statements is true about Garrison Keillor? ______
A．His idea on the CEOs was recognized by corporate boards.
B．One of his lines had been modified to describe the CEOs.
C．His play pointed out that "all CEOs are above average".
D．His radio program aroused the "Lake Wobegon effect".
107、According to the second paragraph, CEOs' pay keeps soaring mainly because ______.
A．surveys indicate that CEOs deserve higher pay
B．consultants tend to believe CEOs are above average
C．directors' belief greatly influences the pay standard
D．compensation committees seldom evaluate the CEOs' ability
108、"Cream-of-the-crop" (Line 1, Para.4) is closest in meaning to ______.
A．Competent B．courageous
C．Disappointing D．hard-working
109、Scott Klinger most probably tends to agree that ______.
A．most people lose money in the investment into the stocks
B．the CEOs performance can' t be reflected by the value of stocks
C．the CEOs are not the only factor that prospers a corporation
D．the pay of the CEOs greatly influences the profit of a company
110、Which of the following is the biggest concern of the corporate boards? ______
A．The free market. B．The CEOs' performance.
C．The CEOs' pay. D．The corporations' profit.
We have a crisis on our hands.You mean global warming?The world economy? No, the decline of reading.People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Who's responsible? Actually, it's more like, What is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with it—Facebook, Twitter. You can write your own list.
There's been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world.None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever before—there are more and more readers, and more and more books.
The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over.The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example.Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.
As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Intercon-nectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before.Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.
On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization.One Twitter group is offering itsfollowers single-sentence-long "digests" of the great novels.War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span—that we will be incapable of' reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.
In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.
In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg's invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.
111、Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading? ______
A．Paragraphone. B．Paragraph two.
C．Paragraphthree. D．Paragraph four.
112、The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT ______.
A．multimodal content B．environmental friendliness
C．convenience forreaders D．imaginative design
113、Which of the following can best describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels? ______
A．Ironic. B．Worried.
C．Sarcastic. D．Doubtful.
114、According to the passage, people need knowledge of modern technology and ______ to survive in the fast-changing society.
A．high sensitivity B．good judgement
C．good imagination D．the ability to focus
115、What is the main idea of the passage? ______
A．Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing.
B．Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experience.
C．Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading.
D．Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice.
Bankruptcy rates in the U.S.have been growing for more than two decades despite generally rising levels of personal income. The most prominent explanation puts the blame directly on credit cards, which became vastly more popular in the past 30 years. University of Pennsylvania law professor David A. Skeel notes that a 1978 Supreme Court decision allowed credit-card companies to charge the interest rate allowed in their state of incorporation. As a result, many incorporated in the high-rate states of Delaware and South Dakota. Being able to charge high rates throughout the country, they could afford to issue cards to those with limited ability to repay.Many high-risk cardholders, overburdened with debt, filed for bankruptcy.
Skeel also notes that the impersonality of credit-card borrowing may have helped weaken the moral imperative to repay debts: in the 1960s a prospective borrower met face-to-face with a bank lending officer, but today the borrower gets credit by responding to a junk-mail offer.
Other developments alsofueled the rise in bankruptcy, including medical bills.A Harvard University study found that about a quarter of filers cited illness or injury as the specific reason for their troubles. Loss of jobs probably also drove some credit card holders into bankruptcy. Other possible contributors include the growth of the gambling industry in recent years and the Supreme Court's 1977 decision to allow lawyers to advertise directly the general public.
Changes in bankruptcy law apparently have had little effect on filings. The Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 was designed to make it easier for consumers to pay off debts and start anew. As under previous acts penniless debtors could file for complete discharge of debts under Chapter 7, and debtors with substantial assets could arrange for partial repayment under Chapter 13.Most filers opted for the more generous provisions of Chapter 7. During the six years following implementation of the act, filings rose substantially. The act was amended in 1984 to curb opportunistic petitions. However, filings went in the opposite direction than expected.Evidently, easy credit and other debt-creating forces have been more powerful.
The latest legal effort is the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, which went into effect in October. The new act lays down far more strict standards for debtors, including a test to qualify for Chapter 7 relief. Despite the new restrictions, bankruptcy experts tend to skeptical or noncommittal about the effectiveness in reducing filings.
116、According to Paragraph 1, bankruptcy rates in the U. S. have been increasing mainly because ______.
A．having credit cards was a fashionable trend in the 1970s
B．credit-card companies charged only those unable to repay high rates
C．many indebted people easily claimed bankruptcy throughout the country
D．many credit card holders pressed by debt have filed for bankruptcy
117、By saying "the impersonality of credit-card borrowing" (Line 1.Paragraph 2), the author implies that ______.
A．e-mails have taken over interpersonal communications
B．face-to-face interviews with bankers would strengthen morality
C．people can own a credit card by replying to a junk-mail offer
D．credit-card borrowing had lost the moral obligations
118、Which of the followingstatements is true of the other factors fueling the bankruptcy rise? ______
A．Lack of medical insurance has brought about social troubles.
B．Unemployment has impaired cardholders' ability to repay debts.
C．The growth of gambling industry has inhibited money wasting.
D．Government authorities have decided to legalize bankruptcy.
119、Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 was amended in order to ______.
A．promote easy credit and filing
B．counter debt-creating forces
C．give debtors more freedom
D．cripple opportunistic filings
120、We can conclude from the last paragraph that ______.
A．despite legal efforts uncertainty remains in bankruptcy issues
B．new acts concerning bankruptcy will protect debtors
C．bankruptcy in the U.S.will decrease in the long run
D．bankruptcy experts don't care about the effectiveness of filings
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