一、经济金融基础知识单项选择题
在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、在宏观经济学理论中，由于经济萧条引起的失业属于______。
A．摩擦性失业 B．结构性失业
C．周期性失业 D．临时性失业
2、当一个国家有贸易赤字时，以下表述正确的是______。
A．它有资本净流入
B．它的储蓄超过国内投资
C．它的产出超过消费、投资和政府购买之和
D．以上表述都正确
3、消费者的预算线反映了______。
A．消费者的收入约束 B．消费者的需求趋势
C．消费者的支出计划 D．消费者获得的总效用
4、恩格尔曲线表示消费者在每一______水平对某商品的需求量。
A．价格 B．收入
C．效用 D．偏好
5、以下表述正确的是______。
A．企业的短期供给曲线比长期供给曲线更有弹性
B．企业的长期供给曲线是平均可变成本以上的边际成本曲线
C．企业的长期供给曲线是价格等于最小平均成本时的一条水平线
D．企业的长期供给曲线是平均成本以上的边际成本曲线
6、“搭便车”现象是对______问题的一种形象比喻。
A．社会福利 B．市场失灵
C．公共物品 D．信息不对称
7、在凯恩斯的三个货币需求动机中，对利率最敏感的是______。
A．交易动机 B．投机动机
C．预防动机 D．利他动机
8、以下关于社会融资规模的表述，正确的是______。
A．仅是增量指标，不是存量指标
B．是金融机构资产负债表的负债方
C．指实体经济从商业银行获得的资金
D．指实体经济从金融体系获得的资金
9、通常来说，商业银行派生存款的能力______。
A.与现金漏损率成反比，与法定存款准备金率成反比
B.与现金漏损率成正比，与法定存款准备金率成反比
C.与现金漏损率成正比，与法定存款准备金率成正比
D.与现金漏损率成反比，与法定存款准备金率成正比
10、______不属于商业银行的资产业务。
A．贴现 B．信用证
C．贷款 D．证券投资
11、 2013年，英国对金融监管体系进行改革，撤销金融监管局(FSA.，设立审慎监管局(FRA.和金融行为监管局(FCA.，形成了______模式。
A．多头监管 B．分业监管
C．双峰监管 D．伞形监管
12、 SWIFT是______。
A.一种跨境汇款形式 B．一种资金清算体系
C．一种利率报价方式 D．一种股票交易系统
13、商业银行资产负债管理中，用来衡量银行净利息收入对市场利率敏感程度的方法是______分析方法。
A．敞口限额 B．久期
C．情景模拟 D．缺口
14、“太大而不能倒”是指大型金融机构的倒闭很可能导致金融体系的崩溃，因此监管机构不希望其破产并由此引发大范围危机。基于这一理念而采取的政策，可能产生的副作用是______。
A．弱化政府安全网
B．弱化对金融消费者的保护
C．强化债权人对金融机构的监督动力
D．强化大型金融机构的道德风险动机
15、关于宏观审慎监管，以下表述错误的是______。
A.反映监管对金融体系逆周期效应的关注
B．关注点是整个金融体系
C．目标是抑制系统性风险的积累
D．强调金融体系风险的内生性
16、一般而言，由______引起的国际收支失衡是长期而持久的。
A．经济周期更迭 B．货币价值变动
C．预期目标改变 D．经济结构滞后
17、布雷顿森林体系后，美元之所以能持续广泛地发挥国际货币作用，是因为______。
A．美元的价值曾得到美国黄金的保证
B．美元的价值通过美国国债得到美国政府的保证
C．美元在特别提款权价值构成中具有最重要的作用
D．美国在国际货币基金组织拥有独家否决权
18、面对人口老龄化的严峻形势，人们纷纷选择购买养老保险来弥补退休后养老支出的不足。这种风险管理的策略属于______。
A．风险回避 B．风险自留
C．风险转移 D．风险分散
19、体弱多病的人比健康少病的人更愿意购买保险，这种倾向称为______。
A．保险意识 B．逆选择
C．道德风险 D．风险偏好
20、保险人承担赔偿或给付保险金的最高限额称为______。
A．保险费 B．保险价值
C．保险价格 D．保险金额
二、银保监综合类专业单项选择题
在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
21、 20世纪70年代宠物石火爆的时候，其需求价格弹性估计为1.2，如果宠物石的边际成本为0，利润最大化的宠物石销售商会______。
A．提高价格 B．降低价格
C．保持价格不变 D．调整价格需要更详细的信息
22、农场主投入土地和劳动进行生产，他种植了40亩地的谷物，边际收益递减的规律告诉我们______。
A．土地不变，增加劳动力，最终土地的边际产量将会下降
B．土地不变，增加劳动力，最终劳动力的边际产量将会下降
C．短期内劳动的平均产量保持不变
D．短期内，没有可变的投入
23、______，一定不会使牛奶的需求曲线右移。
A．消费者收入水平提高 B．牛奶价格下降
C．咖啡价格上升 D．消费者预期牛奶价格上升
24、政府征税和给家庭转移支付的最直接的影响是______。
A．生产什么 B．如何生产
C．生产可能性曲线的位置 D．为谁生产
25、如果企业是竞争性的，而且以利润最大化为目标，那么劳动需求曲线由______决定。
A.工人时间的机会成本
B．劳动的边际产量值
C．抵消性的收入效应与替代效应
D．资本的边际产量值
26、“谷贱伤农”，说的是______。
A.农产品需求曲线比较陡峭，缺乏价格弹性
B．农产品需求曲线比较平缓，富有价格弹性
C．农产品供给曲线较小幅度向右移动，供小于求
D．农产品供给曲线较大幅度向左移动，供大于求
27、在下述何种情况下，会产生挤出效应?______
A．货币供给的下降提高利率，从而挤出了对利率敏感度的私人支出
B．对私人部门税收的增加引起私人部门可支配收入和支出的下降
C．政府支出增加使利率提高，从而挤出了私人部门的支出
D．政府支出的下降导致消费支出的下降
28、在一个IS-LM模型中，如果发生流动性偏好，则______。
A．货币政策更有效 B．财政政策更有效
C．两种政策都有效 D.两种政策都无效
29、假定甲厂商为乙厂商提供服务应得的报酬为400美元，乙厂商为甲厂商提供服务应得的报酬为300美元，甲和乙商定互相抵消300美元，甲只收入100美元。那么，最终计入GDP的是______美元。
A．700 B．100
C．400 D．300
30、如果对进口一种产品的国家征收关税，就会增加______。
A．国内需求量 B．国内供给量
C．从国外进口量 D．以上全部
31、某居民预计债券价格将要下跌而把货币保留在手中，这种行为是由于______。
A．交易动机 B．预防动机
C．投机动机 D．保值动机
32、在充分就业的情况下，下列______最可能导致通货膨胀。
A．进口增加 B．工资不变但劳动生产率提高
C．进口减少 D．政府支出不变但税收减少
33、一般情况下属于“正和游戏”的是______。
A．远期 B．期货
C．期权 D．互换
34、中央银行通过回购交易调节______和短期利率。
A．货币发行总量 B．货币回收总量
C．基础货币供应 D．货币市场供求
35、商业银行面临的最重要的风险是______。
A．信用风险 B．操作风险
C．市场风险 D．法律风险
36、“不把鸡蛋放在一个篮子里”规避的是______。
A．操作风险 B．投资组合风险
C．系统性风险 D．非系统性风险
37、支付宝“余额”里的钱属于哪个货币供给层次______。
A．M0 B．M1
C．M2 D．都不是
38、保险被称为经济社会发展的______。
A．加速器 B．稳定器
C．推进器 D．固化器
39、不属于基础金融工具的是______。
A．股票 B．债券
C．期货 D．基金
40、关于存款保险制度，下列说法正确的是______。
A．我国早在20世纪90年代就已建立存款保险制度
B．对存款保险制度有着极不相同的评价
C．存款保险制度能够提升银行风险意识
D．存款保险制度最早起源于英国
41、下列不属于我国金融监管目标的是______。
A．维护金融体系安全稳定
B．创造公平竞争环境
C．保障金融货币政策实施
D．维护人民币币值稳定并以此促进经济增长
42、面值10000元的一年期债券，售价9500元，其到期收益率为______。
A．5% B．5.26%
C.5.76% D．6.16%
43、如果美联储从公众手中购买100亿债券，同时降低联邦储备准备金率，则会导致货币供给______。
A.减少100亿 B．增加100亿
C．增加超过100亿 D．增加100亿，也有可能超过100亿
44、直接关系社会总需求的扩张水平的是______。
A．货币需求规模 B．货币供给规模
C．利率调整频率 D．金融服务水平
45、按照传统理论，下列能从通货膨胀中获益的是______。
A．上游厂商 B．存款人
C．借款人 D．工薪阶层
46、社会融资规模不包括______。
A．金融机构表内贷款 B．金融机构表外融资
C．直接融资 D．民间借贷
47、下列不属于汇率制度的是______。
A.硬盯住 B．软盯住
C．自由浮动 D．相机抉择
48、被称为普通提款权的是______。
A．外汇储备 B．黄金储备
C．在IMF的储备头寸 D．借款总安排
49、根据购买力平价理论，决定汇率长期趋势的主导因素是______。
A．利率 B．总供给与总需求
C．通货膨胀差异 D．国际收支
50、布雷顿森林体系下的汇率制度属于______。
A．浮动汇率制 B．可调整的浮动汇率制
C．联合浮动汇率制 D．可调整的固定汇率制
51、______是对利率期限结构的图形描述。
A．菲利普斯曲线 B．收益率曲线
C．洛伦兹曲线 D．无差异曲线
52、巴塞尔协议对银行资本进项不同层次的划分，划分的依据是______。
A．资本的收益性 B．资本的永久性
C．资本的公开性 D．资本的可行性
53、假设某银行贷款利息收入为200亿元，投资收入为50亿元，存款利息支出为150亿元，其他负债利息支出为30亿元，总收益资产为2500亿元，则净息差为______。
A．1.2% B．2%
C．2.8% D．4%
54、关于普惠金融，下列说法正确的是______。
A．本质是一种“救济金融”
B．重点要解决“资源排斥”
C．要在普及性与安全性中寻求平衡点
D．最重要使所有人获取信贷服务
55、某债券面值1000元，期限5年，名义收益率8%，当市价为950元时，本期收益率为______。
A．8.42% B．4%
C．7.5% D. 8%
56、金融市场所具有的主要宏观功能有______。
A．价格发现 B．减少搜索和信息成本
C．提供流动性 D．实现储蓄—投资转化
57、甲、乙两村粮食平均亩产量分别为1000千克和1250千克，标准差分别为40千克和50千克，则下面说法正确的是______。
A．甲村的平均亩产量有较大的代表性
B．乙村的平均亩产量有较大的代表性
C．两个村的平均亩产量有相同代表性
D．需要更多信息才能比较两个村的平均亩产量的代表性
58、在一个有限总体里，抽取样本容量为n的样本，其可能抽取的样本个数与下列哪个因素无关?______
A．样本容量的大小 B．总体全部单位数
C．总体方差 D．抽样方法
59、为准确了解某高中的理科班和文科班的平均人数，应采取的调查方法是______。
A．全面调查 B．抽样调查
C．重点调查 D．典型调查
60、便于展示各国GDP增长率与累计新冠肺炎病例占人口比例之间关系的图形是______。
A．折线图 B．散点图
C．条形图 D．直方图
61、从一个方差已知且服从正态分布的总体中随机抽取样本容量为n的样本，在99%置信度下估计总体均值所建立的置信区间为40±0.4。若样本容量扩大到原来的4倍，在其他条件不变的前提下，总体参数的置信区间应为______。
A．40±0.1 B．40±0.2
C．40±0.8 D. 40±1.6
62、下列关于估计量的“一致性”的描述中，错误的是______。
A．样本均值是总体均值的一致估计量
B．随着样本量的增大，估计量的值越来越接近总体参数
C．是评估估计量“好坏”的重要因素
D．用具有一致性的估计量估计总体参数时没有误差
63、进行单因素方差分析进行多总体比较时，下列关于自由度的描述错误的是______。
A．用于消除观测值多少对误差平方和大小的影响
B．总平方和的自由度是全部观测值的个数
C．组间平方和的自由度是总体个数减一
D．组内平方和的自由度是全部观测值的个数减去总体个数
64、估计总体参数时，不属于用于评价估计量的标准的是______。
A．无偏性 B．稳健性
C．有效性 D.一致性
65、已知x和y之间的相关系数为0.6，则2x和y之间的相关系数为______。
A．0.3 B．0.36
C．0.6 D. 0.64
66、当时间序列的环比发展速度大体相同时，适合拟合______。
A．抛物线 B．指数曲线
C．直线 D．对数曲线
67、甲乙两人独立对同一目标各射击一次，命中率分别是0.5和06，则目标被命中的概率是______。
A．0.3 B．0.6
C．0.8 D.1
68、某厂研发新型元器件，试生产期间，70%的产品不需调试即可出厂，另30%的产品经调试后有80%能出厂，任取一个出厂元器件，其经过检验的概率是______。
A．12/47 B．0.3
C．70/94 D．0.94
69、跨界是互联网时代的常态，所谓跨界就是任何工业互联网产品的推出，都不是原来业界单纯技术的成果，其创意和模式都可能来自其他行业，跨界的核心是______。
A．技术创新 B．管理创新
C．建立生态圈 D．融合
70、彼得·德鲁克认为：“领导者的唯一定义就是其后面的追随者。一些人是思想家，一些人是预言家，这些人都很重要，而也急需；但是没有追随者，就不会有领导者。”这句话说明______。
A．领导的实质是组织成员的追随与服从
B．领导者需要权力
C．追随者比领导者更重要
D．领导只有一个定义，其余的定义是错误的
71、某企业拟投资开发一项新技术。经测算，技术开发中的物质消耗为300万元，人力资本消耗为600万元，技术复杂系数为1.5，研发失败的概率为40%，根据成本模型，研发成功后该项目技术的评估价格应为______万元。
A. 950 B．1350
C．2250 D．3375
72、古人劝学诗里说“别人怀宝剑，我有笔如刀”，对于读书人来说，确实如此。当一个人文章写得好，我们说______；当一件事记录得真实，我们赞______；当一个读书人不断学习、不断创作，我们称______；当某篇文章很有气势，我们则感叹笔力雄浑，用韩愈的话说，更是“龙文百斛鼎，笔力可独扛”。
填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是______。
A．妙笔生花；秉笔直书；笔耕不辍
B．行云流水；童叟无欺；孜孜不倦
C．字字珠玑；实事求是；精益求精
D．挥洒自如；开诚布公；宵衣旰食
73、量子论在工业领域的应用前景十分美好。科学家认为，量子力学理论将对电子工业产生重大影响，是物理学一个尚未开发而又具有广阔前景的新领域。时下半导体的微型化已接近极限，如果再小下去，做电子技术的理论就会显得无能为力，______。
A．量子力学理论应用从此诞生
B．必须应用量子
C．必须解决微电子技术理论的缺陷
D．必须依靠量子结构理论
74、“高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪”采用的辞格除“对偶”外，还有______。
A．拟人 B．夸张
C．移就 D．比喻
75、我国有14亿人口，人均国内生产总值已经突破1万美元，是全球最大最有潜力的消费市场。居民消费优化升级，同现代科技和生产方式相结合，蕴含着巨大增长空间。我们要牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，使______各环节更多依托国内市场实现良性循环，明确供给侧结构性改革的战略方向，促进总供给和总需求在更高水平上实现动态平衡。
A．生产、消费、分配、流通
B．生产、分配、流通、消费
C．生产、流通、分配、消费
D．生产、消费、流通、分配
76、①如果对多年来已形成共识的监管要求进行放松，必然会导致金融风险。
②对于BioTech公司而言，如果其涉足类似银行的存贷款业务，对于类似的业务必须要有准备金、资本金、杠杆率、流动性等监管要求，保持监管的一致性。
③而且《巴塞尔协议》也是逐步演进的，近年来结合2008年金融危机的教训，强调了资本吸收损失的能力，新增了流动性、杠杆率等监管要求。
④风险识别、计量、防范和处置等方法的普遍适用和不断进步，正是《巴塞尔协议》与时俱进的基础，也是国际上对BioTech公司金融业务引入监管的出发点。
⑤不管是传统金融机构，还是新兴的金融科技机构，本质上都是在经营金融风险。
⑥《巴塞尔协议》诞生之初就是为了保障银行业监管在国际间是标准一致的，强调对于同属于银行业务要有同样的监管标准。
将以上6个句子重新排列，语序正确的是______。
A．⑤④⑥③①② B．⑥③①⑤④②
C．③①⑤⑥④② D．⑥④③①⑤②
77、《吕氏春秋》记载，古时有十个相马高人，相马方法各不相同。寒风相马是观察马的口齿，麻朝相马是品评马的面颊，子女厉相马是查看马的眼睛。这十个人都是相马良工，都能看到马的一处征象，就知马骨节的高低、腿脚的快慢、体质的强弱、能力的高下。不仅相马是这样，识人也是如此______。
紧接这段文字，作者最可能阐述的问题是______。
A．知人善用的重要性 B．如何识人用人
C．千里马与伯乐的关系 D．相马故事的意义
78、半导体产业的快速发展，将有助于拉开国内电子产业______的大幕。业内人士指出，物联网、新能源汽车、智能制造等新兴产业都需要半导体的______，半导体将推动整个电子信息产业的变革。
填入画线部分最恰当的一项是______。
A．竞争；配合 B．改革；支持
C．更新；介入 D．升级；支撑
79、“近朱者赤，近墨者黑”所蕴含的道理和下列哪句话最相似?______
A．公生明，偏生暗
B．青出于蓝，而胜于蓝
C．出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖
D．蓬生麻中，不扶而直
80、下面哪句话出自《孟子》?______
A．民为邦本，本固邦宁 B．独乐乐，与人乐乐，熟乐
C．水能载舟，亦能覆舟 D．岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也
三、银保监综合类专业多项选择题
下面各题，每题至少有两个正确答案。
81、以下哪些是凯恩斯主义的核心观点?______
A．只有通过控制总需求才能有效解决就业
B．萨伊定律总体有效
C．流动性偏好
D．政府应当利用税收和支出的权力影响经济
82、下列哪些属于供给冲击?______
A．工会要求工人工资提高 B．干旱使得农作物减产
C．货币供给增加 D．OPEC提高原油价格
83、下列关于GDP指标的说法中，正确的有______。
A．用不变价格计算的GDP可以计算经济增长速度
B．GDP包含了伴随经济增长的生态与环境变化的影响
C．通常用GDP或人均国内生产总值来衡量经济增长
D．用现行价格计算的GDP可以反映一个国家或地区的经济发展规模
84、政府干预市场经济是为了______。
A．保护产权 B．纠正由于外部性引起的市场失灵
C．达到更为平等的收入分配 D．更好地利用公共资源
85、下列关于结构性存款的表述，正确的有______。
A．与银行理财产品相比，结构性存款的风险与收益相对较低
B．结构性存款应当纳入商业银行表内核算
C．商业银行发行结构性存款应当具备相应的衍生品交易业务资格
D．结构性存款的总体收益和风险通常会高于普通存款
86、宽松的货币政策措施包括______。
A．降低法定存款准备金率 B．提高再贴现率
C．在公开市场上卖出有价证券 D．扩大贷款规模
87、下列各项中属于可分散风险的有______。
A．国家财政政策的变化 B．某公司经营失败
C．某公司工人罢工 D．世界能源状况的变化
88、流动性好的金融资产，包含的特征有______。
A.价格稳定 B．购买力强
C．可随时出售、转让 D．变现能力强
89、下列资产中，适合作为融资租赁交易的租赁物的有______。
A.存货 B．大型机器设备
C．知识产权 D.飞机
90、资本资产定价理论认为，理性投资者应该追求______。
A.投资者效用最大化 B．同等风险水平下收益最大化
C．同等风险水平下收益稳定化 D．同等收益水平下风险稳定化
91、如果欧元对人民币的贬值幅度为15%，日元对人民币的贬值幅度为10%。在不考虑其他因素的情况下，下列说法正确的有______。
A.中国游客在欧洲购物相当于额外打了八五折
B．中国到欧洲旅游的人数较之过去会有所上升
C．日本出口到我国的商品价格会上升
D.我国出口到日本和欧洲的商品会增多
92、下列关于债券到期期限与债券价格关系表述正确的有______。
A.零息债券，距到期日越近，债券的价格越高，债券的折价幅度就越小
B．零息债券最终债券的价格将接近债券的面值
C．溢价息票债券随着时间的推移，债券的溢价将趋于下降
D．折价息票债券随着时间的推移，债券的价格将上升，债权的折价将减少
93、下列各项中，关于普查的说法正确的是______。
A．它是专门组织的经常性全面的调查
B．需要大量的人力和物力，组织工作较为繁重
C．普查所取得的资料更全面、更系统
D．普查涉及面广、工作量大、时间更长
94、随机抽取6名学生调查其上网情况，他们每天的上网时间(小时/周)分别是：16、12、5、5、10和18。6名学生上网时间(小时/周)的______。
A．平均数是11 B．中位数是11
C．极差是13 D．众数是5
95、下列关于回归分析的说法中正确的是______。
A．多元线性回归中t检验和F检验是等价的
B．存在多重共线性时，对回归系数的解释是危险的
C．判定系数越大，回归方程的拟合效果越好
D．回归模型可以用于预测因变量
96、平稳时间序列不包含下列哪些成分?______
A．趋势 B．季节性波动
C．周期性波动 D．随机波动
97、如果控股股东以其对子公司的股权抵偿对子公司的债务，则会使子公司______。
A．股东权益增加 B．资产负债率提高
C．负债减少 D．总股本减少
98、下列做法中，哪些符合新闻真实的理念?______
A．明确交代消息来源，以直接引语的形式再现当事人的陈述或观点
B．竭力寻找真相，不策划、制造事实或推动事实的发展
C．对于负面事件的报道，以观点统领事实，搜集符合观点的实际素材
D．呈现并核实事件的细节，避免细节侵犯公民的隐私权
99、下列汉字注音正确的有______。
A．皲(jùn)裂 B．星宿(xiù)
C．吮(yún)吸 D．日晷(guǐ)
100、打开柜子就忘了要拿什么，走进厨房又忘了要找什么，刚交代的事不设置提醒的话转身就忘?这不是老年人的“专利”，事实证明，记忆力减退已经逐渐向年轻人侵袭。可原因到底是什么?随着当下数字文化的兴起，理解媒体多任务与情景记忆(对事件的记忆)差异之间的关系，为这些长期疑问增添了新思路。英国《自然》杂志近日发表的一项神经科学研究发现，同时使用多种形式的数字媒体，也就是媒体多任务，或对青壮年的记忆力具有负面影响。该研究结果表明，频繁的媒体多任务操作与注意力分散和遗忘增加显著有关。
与这段话表达意思相符的是______。
A．同时处理完成更多的媒体任务，看似是很有效率的做法，但并不是适合我们大脑的运作方式
B．频繁的注意力“跑偏”，可能切实损害到人们的记忆力
C．更频繁的媒体多任务操作，或与注意力分散频率增加有关，而这种趋势会导致情景记忆力变差
D．青壮年记忆力减退，与同时操作多项任务有关
四.英语阅读理解题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed, is a central bank that serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in supervision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies. In the U.S., these functions are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System: the Board of Governors located in Washington, D. C., and the top officers of the 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located through the nation. The Fed's actions, described below, generally have a significant effect on the U.S. interest rates and, subsequently, on stock, bond, and other financial markets.
The Federal Reserve's basic power are concentrated in the Board of Governors, which is paramount (极为重要) in all policy issues concerning bank regulation and supervision and in most aspects of monetary control. The board enunciate (阐明) the Fed's policies on both monetary and banking matters. Because the board is not an operating agency, most of the day-to-day implementation of policy decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks. Although commercial banks put stock in the Fed, it does not imply they have direct control. The Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the private banking system.
The U.S. banking system's regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of the Federal Reserve is shared in some instances, for example, in mergers or the examination of banks with other federal agencies such as the Controller of the Currency (OCC. and the Federal Deposit Insurance Cooperation (FDIC.. In the critical area of regulating the nation's money supply in accordance with national economic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is independent within the government.
101、The Fed of the United Sates ______.
A. function as a commercial bank when necessary
B. is the most powerful in the U.S. Government in influencing economy
C. is subject to the banking community and government
D. is the counterpart of the central banks in other countries
102、 The authority of the Federal Reserve ______.
A. has to be shared by other agencies
B. is exclusive in some important area
C. is being used to benefit the public and private banking system
D. is limited by Board of Governors
103、 The fact that stock in the Fed belongs to commercial banks ______.
A. means the latter is in control
B. means the latter is controlled by the Fed
C. doesn't mean the latter is in control
D. means there is no relationship between the Fed and commercial banks
104、 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? ______
A. The Board of Governors performs the day-to-day policies of the Fed.
B. The district Reserve banks are the supreme policy-makers of the Fed.
C. The Fed has to work with other government agencies to fulfill its responsibilities.
D. The Federal Reserve System is big, complex and significant.
105、 The underlined word "apparatus" (para.3) here is closest in meaning to ______.
A. strength B. structure
C. order D. restriction
Organic agriculture is a relatively untapped resource for feeding the Earth's population, especially in the face of climate change and other global challenges. That's the conclusion I reached in reviewing 40 years of science comparing the long-term prospects of organic and conventional farming.
The review study, "Organic Agriculture in the 21st Century" is featured as the cover story for the February issue of the journey Nature Plants. It is the first to compare organic and conventional agriculture across the main goals of sustainability identified by the National Academy of Science: productivity, economics, and environment.
Critics have long argued that organic agriculture is inefficient, requiring more land to yield the same amount of food. It's true that organic farming produces lower yields, averaging 10 to 20 percent less than conventional. Advocates contend that the environmental advantages of organic agriculture far outweigh the lower yields, and that increasing research and breeding resources for organic system would reduce the yield gap. Sometimes excluded from these arguments is the fact that we already produce enough food to more than feed the world's 7.4 billion people but do not provide adequate access to all individuals.
In some cases, organic yields can be higher than conventional. For example, in severe drought conditions, which are expected to increase with climate change in many areas, organic farms can produce as good, if not better, yields because of the higher water-holding capacity of organically farmed soils.
What science does tell us is that mainstream conventional farming systems have provided growing supplies of food and other products but often at the expense of other sustainability goals.
Conventional agriculture may produce more food, but it often comes at a cost to the environment. Biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, and severe impacts on ecosystem services have accompanied conventional farming systems. With organic agriculture, environmental costs tend to be lower and the benefits greater.
Overall, organic farms tend to store more soil carbon, have better soil quality, and reduce soil erosion compared to their conventional counterparts. Organic agriculture also creates less soil and water pollution and lower greenhouse gas emissions. And it's more energy-efficient because it doesn't rely on synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. Organic agriculture is also associated with greater biodiversity of plants, animals, insects and microorganisms as well as genetic diversity.
Despite lower yields, organic agriculture is more profitable for farmer because consumers are willing to pay more. Higher prices, called price premiums, can be justified as a way to compensate farmers for providing ecosystem services and avoiding environmental damage or external costs.
106、 What do we learn from the conclusion of the author's review study? ______
A. More resources should be tapped for feeding the world's population.
B. Organic farming may be exploited to solve the global food problem.
C. The long-term prospects of organic farming are yet to be explored.
D. Organic farming can be an effective way to solve climate change and other global issues
107、 What is the critics' argument against organic farming? ______
A. It cannot meet the need for food.
B. It cannot increase farm yields.
C. It is not really practical.
D. It is not that productive.
108、 What does the author think should be taken into account in arguing about organic farming? ______
A. Growth in world population.
B. Deterioration in soil quality.
C. Inequality in food distribution.
D. Advance in farming technology.
109、 What does science tell us about conventional farming? ______
A. It will not be able to meet global food demand.
B. It is not conductive to sustainable development.
C. It will eventually give way to organic farming.
D. It is going mainstream throughout the world.
110、 Why does the author think price premiums of organic food are justifiable? ______
A. They give farmers going organic a big competitive edge.
B. They motivate farmers to continue to upgrade farming technology.
C. Organic farming costs more than conventional farming,
D. Organic farming does long-term good to ecosystem.
For much of the past decade, American and British scientists have been annoyed by the phenomenon known as the French Paradox. Nutritionally speaking, the French have been getting away with murder: They eat all the butter, cream, foie gras, pastry and cheese that their hearts desire, and yet their rates of obesity and heart disease are much lower than ours. The French eat three times as much saturated animal fat as Americans do, and only a third as many die of heart attacks. It's maddening.
Baffled, scientists struggled to come up with a few hypotheses: Maybe it was something in the red wine, they said. But while winemakers worldwide celebrated that news, more sober research has suggested that any alcohol—whether Lafite Rothschild, a banana daiquiri or a cold bud—pretty much has the same nice, relaxing effect. So while a little wine is apt to do you good, the French aren't so special in having a drink now and then though the fact that they drink wine moderately and slowly with meals, instead of downing shots at the bar, could make a difference.
After the wine argument, scientists ventured that it must be the olive oil that keeps the French healthy. But this doesn't explain the butter or brie. Then, French scientist Serge Renaud said it's the foie gras that melts away cholesterol. This, too, is dicey: While people in Toulouse—the duck-liver-eating area of France—do indeed have one of the lowest rates of heart disease in the developed world, they actually only eat the delicacy about six times a year. And they're a lot more likely to die of stroke than we are anyway.
Other researchers, perhaps sponsored by the garlic and onion industry, suggested that the French Paradox effect is due to garlic and onions, Claude Fischler, a nutritional sociologist at INSERM, says all these single hypotheses are more wishful thinking than science.
Last May, researchers writing in the British Medical Journal came up with the least cheerful hypothesis of all. They argued that it's just a matter of time before the French—who are in fact eating more hamburgers and French fries these days—catch up with Americans, and begin suffering the same high rates of cardiovascular disease.
These researchers, Malcolm Law and Nicholas Wald, call this the "time lag explanation" for the French Paradox. As far as they are concerned, the McDonaldization (this is a French catch—all terms for the importation of fast food and other American cultural horrors) of France will continue at a frantic pace, and it is as inevitable that Frenchmen will start keeling over (晕倒) of heart attacks as it is that French women will eventually wear jean shorts and marshmallow tennis shoes on the streets of Paris.
111、 What is French Paradox according to this passage? ______
A. The French people eat unhealthy food and die of heart attacks each year.
B. The French eat more nutritious food than Americans but don't worry about getting heart disease.
C. The French are much less likely to suffer from heart disease although they eat lots of fatty food.
D. The French are as likely to die of heart attacks as Americans although they eat less fatty food.
112、What can be learned from the second paragraph? ______
A. The French drink as much wine as people elsewhere.
B. The French wine has different relaxing effects compared with other wines.
C. Drinking red wine now and then benefits people a lot.
D. The French drink wine in ways different from people of other countries.
113、The underlined word "dicey" (para.3) probably means ______.
A. satisfactory B. strange
C. uncertain D. interesting
114、 In the author's opinion, the French Paradox has something to do with ______.
A. red wine B. olive oil
C. garlic and onions D. something unknown
115、What can we infer from this passage? ______
A. The French Paradox is due to the influence of American values.
B. The French Paradox will disappear in time.
C. The McDonaldization of France has little effect on the French's health.
D. There is no such thing as the French Paradox.
Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholders. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses' pay to various performance measures, and giving them share options so that they have the same long-term interests as their shareholders.
These reforms have been widely adopted by America's larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their lead. But have they done any good? Papers published this week by Boston Academy of Management suggest otherwise. The consequences have differed from those intended.
Start with those independent directors. On the face of it, dismissing the boss's friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accountable. But the Boston Papers show that bosses with a boardroom full of outsiders spend much of the board time in building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders. All too often, these seductions succeed. For the later two reforms, the papers argue that bosses tend to attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a company's overall success.
In short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corporate governance to their advantage which is probably why they are the people who are put in charge of things. Here is a paradox for the management theorists—any boss who cannot beat a system designed to keep him or her under control is probably not worth having.
116、 According to this passage, what is the purpose of recruiting outside directors? ______
A. To diversify the company's business.
B. To increase collaboration among board members.
C. To protect the interests of shareholders.
D. To introduce effective reforms in business operation.
117、 What do the papers of Boston Academy of Management suggest? ______
A. Boardroom reforms have failed to achieve their desired results.
B. Outside board directors tend to think and act differently from senior managers.
C. The performance of the company is negatively affected by the reforms.
D. Senior management suffer from the reforms.
118、 What is the most probable meaning of the underlined word "seductions"? ______
A. Efforts to defeat competitors B. Endeavors to increase profits
C. Attempts to win over D. Efforts to dissuade
119、 Which of the following is true according to this passage? ______
A. In general corporate executives are being criticized by outside board directors.
B. The income of corporate executives is proportional to profit growth.
C. Corporate executives tend to take advantage of their position to enrich themselves.
D. The performance of corporate executives affects their own interests more than those of the shareholders.
120、 How does the author feel about the corporate reforms? ______
A. Positive. B. Doubtful.
C. Indifferent. D. Serious.
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